Writing-telegraph



(N1) mod el W.E. GUMR. WRITING TELEGRAPH. I

No. 543,241. Patented July 28, 1895.

' i 26 25; 3 agar? 3.5

Ground (9) UNITED TATES PATENT Omen.

WILLIAM E. GUMP, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

WRITING-TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 543,241, dated July 23,1895.

Application filed February 24, 1894. Renewed June 25, 1895. Serial No.554,050. (No model.) 7

QZo all whom it maylconcerm ter and comprising a pen and an alternatingpulsator, together with a suitable source of energy and means forconnecting up the'pul sator to line so as to send strong pulsations ofone polarity and weak pulsations of the other polarity when the pen ismoved in one direction, and means for reversing the polarities of thetwo sets of currents on reversal of direction of movement of the pen;and it fur ther consists in the combination of a pair of suchhalf-transmitters with suitable receiving, mechan1smsuch, for instance,as a receiving-pen, polarized pen-moving devices, andpolarized devicesfor controlling the direction of movement of thepen; and it furtherconsists in a novel unison device for bringing the trans initter andreceiver pens into unison of position each time'that the paper isshifted; and

it further consists in a new location of the pen lifting and loweringmagnet in the sys; tem of wiring the circuits; and it further consistsin certain other combinations hereinafter more fully described andclaimed.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of thisspecification, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the system;and Fig. 2 is a vertical view of the gearing by which one of the bars ofthe receiving-pen is actuated,together with apor- .tion of the unisondevice.

In its general operation my invention is one already familiar inwriting-telegraphs, the transmitter-pen being moved to trace thecharacters of the message and being connected with mechanism wherebypulsations are sent over two lines, the number of pulsations sent overeach line being proportionate to the distance through which thetransmitterpen is moved relative to one of two co-ordinates making anangle, preferablyabout a right angle, with each other. The transmittermust also be provided with means for re-, versing the direction ofmovement of the receiver-pen with the reversal of movement of thetransmitter-pen, and with means for lifting, lowering, and positioningthe receiverpen to keep it in unison of position with thetransmitter-pen, and means for shifting the receiving-paper. Thereceiver must be provided with a pen and paper and suitable mechanismfor effecting the various operations necessary in recording the messagein unison with similar movements of the transmitter pen and paper.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be seen that it shows thetransmitter'ofone station, which-is herein called station A, and thereceiverof another station, which is herein called station B, connectedby two wires a and b. As

the two stations are connected by two wires only the system is atwo-wire system.

For simplicity I omit to indicate the receiver of the station A and thetransmitter of station 13 and the manner in which they are connected tothe lines a and b.

I shall first describe the receiver. This description may be very brief,since the only novelty that I claim is in the peculiar location of thepen lifting and lowering magnet in the circuit and in the unison device.

Construction of the Receiver.

larized magnet 3 for controlling the extent of movement of the pen.- Inthe line a is also a third magnet 4, not polarized, which operates thepaper-shifter, provided with a suitable shunt 5 to prevent its beingoperated by the currents which operate magnets 1 and 3 in the same line.

The pen lifting and lowering magnet 6 is a polarized magnet placed in aloop, which includes, also, a condenser 7 in series with magnet 6, theloop being connected up with the line b as a shunt around the twomagnets 1 and? of this-line-b. The currents which'rare sent over theline b to operate magnets 1 and with two rods 9, which make at theircommon I point a junction with the pen approximately at right angleswith each other. The movements of these two rods forward and back are 1controlled by two identical mechanisms, each of which with its rod maybe termed a halfreceiver.

In each mechanism thepolarized pen-moving magnet 3 vibrates ananchor-'e'scap'ement 10 and through a ratchet and miter wheel on avertical shaft 11 rotates a shaft 12, on which two miter-wheels 13 13and a drum 14 are rigidly mounted. Each of the rods 9 rests upon thedrum 14, and each rod has attached to it near its ends the ends of acord, which cord is given one or more turns around the drum upon whichthe rod rests, thereby securing movement of the rod forward or back withrotation of the drum. The extent of movement of the rod is determined bythe number of oscillations of the armature 10 of the rn-agnet 3, and thedirection of movement of the rod is determined by which of the twomiter- 1 wheels 13 13 is in engagement with the miterwhe'el'on thevertical shaft 11, which in turn depends upon the position of thearmature 15 of the polarized direction-control1-er magnet 1.

The rods 9 are connected with the drums 14 whether the pen is lifted, orlowered, and therefore the pen can be moved whether on or off of thepaper.

The paper-shifter magnetd has an armature 16, which forms ananchor-escapcment and controls the paper -shiftin-g device 17. Thisdevice is preferably driven by a weight when released by the escapement.

The pen 8 has attached to ita cord 18, to which a small weight 19 isattached, the cord being run over a pulley 20. This weight tends to drawthe receiver-pen into one corner of the platen-frame 21, which lies justabove the paper. This is intended to operate as a stop-guide to bringthe receiver-pen into unison of position with the transmittenpen. Toeffect this unison of position of the two pens it will be necessary,when the paper is to be shifted, that the transmitter-pen becarried tothe corresponding corner of the transmitter platen-frame 22. If, whenthis is done, there is any difference in the relative positions of thetransmitter and receiver pens, the

receiver-pen will either reach the corner bei fore the transmitter-penreaches its corresponding corner, andewill be held thereby nn-f til thetransmitter-pen reaches its corner or it will lag behind thetransmitter-pen, and

must be released from its operating mechanism, so that the weigh-t19 maydraw it into its 1 corner. This latter operation is effected byj thepaper-shifting magnet 4 whenever the paper is shifted. When, the paperis to be 51 shifted, the transmitter-pen is brought to its corner and acurrent is then sent over the line a, which will operate thepaper-shifting magnet 4. The armature 16 of this magnet has attached toit a rod 23, which is pivoted at its other end to an arm projecting atright angles from the shaft 24:. Upon this shaft are fastened two arms25, which support the ends of the vertical shafts 11.

When the magnet 4 is magnetized and attracts its armature it operatesthe paper- 1 shifter 17 and lowers the miter-wheels on the shafts 11out'o'f gear with the miter-wheels 13. This releases the shafts 12 andpermits the weight 19 to draw the pen 8 into its corner.

The current which operates the magnet 4 will also magnetize the magnets3 and 1. The magnetization of the magnet 3 will effect nothing, becausethe miter wheel on the vert-ical shaft 11 will not be in engagement witheither ofthe miter-wheels 1'3. The magnetization of the magnet 1 mayreverse the position of the armature 1-5 of the direction-controllingmagnet, but this is immaterial, since as soon as the transmitter beginsto operate the direction-controlling magnet will be properly magnetized,as will be hereinafter seen.

01'' course, any suitable power may be substituted for the cord andweight 19 for drawthe receiver-pen into its corner, and I do not limitmyself to the use of a weight.

Construction of the Transmitter.

rents over one of the lines, which shallproperlyoperate'thedirection-controlling and penmoving magnets in thesame line at the receiver-5 and in addition to this provision forcausing the receiver-pen to follow the horizontal movements of thetransmitter-pen there must also be provided suitable means for sendingcurrents that shall operate the pen lifting and loweringdevice at thereceiverstat-ion when'ever'the transmitter-pen is lifted and lowered,and suitable means for sending a current that shall shift the paper atthe re ceiver-station whenever the paper-shifter at i thetransmitter-station is operated. As before indicated, the currents whichoperate to lift and lower the receiver-pen are sent over line b, andthecurrents which operate to shift the paper and at the same time to bringthe two pens to unison are sent over the line a.

Eachof the two halves of the transmitter consists broadly in a batteryof cells 26 connected in series and having intermediate groundconnection, a transmitter --switch thrown by the reversal of movement ofthe transmitter-pen 27, in the direction of its penrod '28, for sendingcurrents which shall control the direction of movement of thecorresponding receiver pen-rod, a pulsator which determinesthe extent ofmovement of the receiver pen-rod, and a commutator, which, whenoperated, breaks the branches through is in the com mutators, whichwillbe described later. The two pen-rods 28 are connected to thetransmitter-pen at their point of juncture the same as the penrods ofthe receiver-pen,

and, although rack-and-pinion mechanism is shown for connecting themwith their actuating mechanism, it is obvious that a cord and drummechanism, such as is shown in the re-1 ceiver, may be used instead.

For convenience of statement the description will now be confined toone-half of the transmitter, although applicable to each. The

pen-rod through its rack and pinion, revolves a toothed wheel29.vibrates between two c'ontact-points31, and thus alternately and inrapid succession connects two different circuits to line. This mechanismwill be called an alternating pulsator. The escapement 30 is connectedthrough a switch. to line, and the points 31 are connected throughswitches to battery.-

7 Frictionally attached to each of the shafts metallic contact members34 carried by this therefore, of the arm, is reversed this pairof,contacts will be opened and the other pair of,

that carry the wheels 29 is a swinging arm 32.

This arm, when the shaft to which it is at-' tached revolves in eitherdirection, is thereby carried around until stopped by engagement withone of the pairs of contact-points which lie on either side of its end.This swinging arm has pivoted on its end a contact-bearer 33 ofinsulating material. There are two contact-bearer, one on either end.The pivot by which the contact-bearer is attached to the arm32liesinterm ediately with respect to these contact members One of thecontact members is connected by a wire with one of thecontact-points ofthe alternating pulsator and the other of these contactmembers isconnected by another wire with the other contacts will be closed. Of thefour points which make up these two pairs of contactp0ints, p0int 35 isconnected with one end of the battery, point 36 with the other end ofthe battery, point 37 is connected to the side of the battery to whichpoint 35 is connected,

:point as is connected with the side or the This wheel as it revolves atthe receiver.

7 pulsator. but so as to cut off one or more cells, and

battery to which point 36 is connected, but also so as to out off one ormore cells. The points 35 and 38 form a pair of contact-points which lieon one side of the contact-bearer 33, and the points 36 and 37 form theother pair of contact-points which lie on the other side of thecontact-bearer.

When the contact members of the contactbearer are in contact with points35 and 38 the circuit to the line in the left-hand halves of thetransmitter and receiver isas follows: from the ground through contact39 and wire 40, through half the battery to point 35,

through one of the contact memberson the contact-bearer and itsconnecting-wire to one of-the contact-points 31 of the alternatingpulsator, and thence, when this point is in contact with the escapement30, by wire 41 through the contact 12 to line b to the receiver, thencethrough magnetland its shunt 2 and through magnet 3 to the ground at thereceiver. When the 'anchor-escapement' of the alternating pulsator is.in contact with the point on the other side, the circuit is, as

before, from the ground through the contact 39 and wire 40, but nextthrough apart of the other half of the battery to the contact-point 38,through one of the members on the contact-bearer and wire attachedthereto to the other contact-point of the alternating pulsator, thencefrom the escapement 30 the circuit is, as before, by wire 41 to line band ground It will be seen that when the contacts 35 38 are closed astrong pulsation of; one polarity and a weak pulsation of the oppositepolarity are sent to line with each vibration of the anchor 30 betweenthe points 31 of the alternating pulsator. When, however, thecontact-bearer is carried to the other side, so as to bring its contactmembers into contact with points 36 and 37, the polarities of the strongand weak pulsations are reversed.

The contact-bearer 33 is mounted on a pivot in the manner shown tosecure uniform press-- ure against the two contact-points of eachenough, but are strong enough to operate the pen-moving magnet. Thedirection in which the receiver-pen rod will be moved will therefore bedetermined by the pair of contact-" points with which the contactmembers of the contact-bearer 34. engage :The extent of -movement of thepen-rod is determined by the number of oscillations of the alternatingIt is not necessary that the points 37 and .38 should be connected withfewer batterycells than are the points 35 and 36, for instead they maybe connected through resistance-coils with the ends of the battery andthe strength of the currents taken from these points thus diminished.

As there is no novelty in the pen lifting and lowering and thepaper-shifting devices of the transmitter which remain to be noticed,they will now be described briefly. The lifting or lowering of thereceiver-pen is effected by breaking both the normal ground through wireand the normal connection of the alternating pulsator with line b at thecontacts 39 and 42, respectively, and connecting one end of the batterythrough a polechanger and contact 43 with the ground, while the otherend of the battery is connected through the pole-changer to the line b.The changes in the circuit above stated areeffected whenever thetransmittenpen is either lifted or lowered. The vertical movement of oneof the rods attached to this pen oscillates an anchor-escapement 44,which, when the pen is lifted, rotates the pole changer 45 far enough topass one pair of con'tactstrips thereon under its brushes. There is aneven number of contact-strips on the pole-changer and they are groupedinto two sets by electrically joiningalternate strips and connecting oneset so formed with one pole of the battery and the other set with theother pole. When 'a movement of the pole-changer has been completelymade the normal condition of the circuit is reestablished, so that thereceiver-pen movements are again controlled by the movements of thetransmitter-pen, whether the action of the pole-changer leftthereceiver-pen off or on the paper. During the movement of the polechangerthe contacts 39 and 42 are open and the contact 43 is closed. Theswitches controlling these contacts are operated by a disk 46, which ison the same shaft and revolves with the polech-anger. The circuit to theline is then from the ground through the contact 43, through one brushof the pole-changer, through the whole of battery 26 in series, throughthe other brush of the pole-changer, out to line b, and thence to groundat the receiver, as be fore. This sends a current of double the normalelectromotive force and sets up a difierence of potential at thereceiver between the ends of the loop, which includes the magnet 6 andcondenser 7 suflicient to operate the magnet 6 and lift the pen. hen thetransmitter-pen is lowered the pole-changer is again rotated one spacein the same direction. The battery is reversed so as to send a currentof opposite polarity but of the same strength as is sent duringthe otheroperation of the pole-changer. This current operates the polarizedmagnet Gand lowers the receiverpen.

When the paper is to be shifted, the papershifting rod 47 is pushed in,thereby operating the paper-shifter at the transmitter mechanically, asshown. At the same time the ance of the circuit is not increased beyondthe extra resistance of the cells thrown in series, the current issufficiently increased in strength to operate the magnet 4 at thereceiver-station, and thereby shift the paper and release thereceiver-pen, as before described.

Without limiting myself to the precise details and mechanism shown, whatI claim, and

desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a writing telegraph transmitter, a pen, an alternating pulsator, asuitable source of energy, means for connecting up the pulsator to lineso as to send strong pulsations of one polarity and weak pulsations ofthe other polarit-y, and means for reversing the polarities of the twosets of currents on reversal of direction of movement of the pen,substantially as described.

2. In a writing telegraph system, suitable receiving mechanismflncombination with a transmitter comprising a pen, two lines, twoalternating pulsators, one arranged to be connected up to one and theother to the other of the two lines, suitable sources of energy, meansfor connecting up each pulsator to its line in such manner as to sendstrong pulsations of one polarity and weak pulsations of the otherpolarity, and means for reversing the polarities in these sets ofcurrents with reversal of direction of movement of the pen,substantially asdescribed.

. 3. In a writing telegraph system, suitable receiving mechanismconsisting of areceiving pen, polarized pen moving devices, andpolarized direction controlling devices, in combination with two lines,and a transmitter comprising a pen, two alternating pulsators, one

arranged to be connected-up with one and the other with the other of thelines, suitable sources of energy, means for connecting up each pulsatorto its line in such manner as'to tion of movement of the pen, a contactbearer pivoted to the arm intermediately with respect to the contactmembers on the bearer, two pairs of contacts of which these contactmembers are a part, the contact members and the other contact pointswhich co-operate therewith to form the pairs of contacts being solocated with respect to each other that one pair of contacts or theother is closed according as the pen is moved in one direction or theother, a suitable. source of energy, and connections through the pairsof contacts whereby strong positive and weak negative or weak positiveand strong negative currents are sent to line,

\ according asone or the other of the pairs of contacts is closed,substantiallyas described.

6. The combination of a shaft, means for revolvin g it, a friction arm,a contact bearer pivoted thereto intermediately with respect to itscontact members, and one or more pairsof contacts closed bymovement ofthe friction arm and contact bearer, substantially as described.

7. In. a writing telegraph transmitter, the combination of a transmitterpen, a shaft revolved thereby, a friction'arm attachedto the shaft-andcarried therebyin one direction or theiother, according to the directionof movement of the pen, a contact bearer pivoted to thearmintermediately with respect to its contact members, and one or morepairs of contacts closed upon movement of the pen and correspondingmovement of the friction arm and contact bearer in one direction or theother, substantially as described.

8. In a two wire writing telegraph system, at the receiver, thecombination of a pen moving and direction controlling device in eachline, a pen lifting and lowering magnetic device in aloop connected toone ofthe lines as a'shunt around the pen moving and directioncontrolling magnets of that line, and a paper shifting magnetic devicein the other line, substantially as described.

9. In awriting telegraph receiver,a unison device for bringing thereceiver pen to a fixed .point when the paper is shifted, whichconscribed.

sists in the combination of the receiver pen, a cord and weight attachedthereto, a stop guide, and means for releasing the pen from the drivingescapement, substantially as described.

10. In a writing telegraph receiver, a unison device for bringing thereceiver pen to a fixed sists in the combination of a receiver pen, acord and weight attached thereto, a stop guide, a paper shiftingmagnetic device, means operated by the paper shifting magnet forreleasing the receiver pen from the driving mechanism, substantially asdescribed.

11. In a writing telegraph receiver, the combination of a pair of miterwheels, a pen-driving drum, a shaft on which :the pair of wheels and thedrum are all rigidly mounted, the drum being mounted between the wheels,a third miter wheel, which is power-driven and is mounted to engage withone or the otherof the wheels of the said pair of miter wheels, meansfor throwing the said power-driven miter wheel out of engagement withone of the pair of wheels and into-engagement with the other of thepair, and means for throwing the power-driven miter wheel out ofengagement with both wheels of the pair, when the paper is shifted,substantially as described.

12. In a writing telegraph receiver, the combination of two sets ofmiter wheels of three wheels each,one of the wheels of each setbeingpower-d-riven and engaging with the other two, a pen driven by thetwo sets of miter wheels, the power-driven wheel of each set beingmovable into and out of engagement with the other wheels of the set, andmeans for point when the paper is shifted, which: coning power-drivenand engaging with the other two, a pen driven by the two sets of miterwheels, the power-driven wheel of each set bein g movable into and outof engagement wlth the other wheels of the set, a paper shifting magnet,and means operated by this magnet for throwing both of thesepower-driven wheels outof engagement with the other wheels. at the sametime, substantially as de WILLIAM E. GUMP.

In presence of- THOMAS EWING, J r., SAMUEL W. BALoH.v

